A selection of nonequilibrium issues
نویسنده
چکیده
We give a pedagogical introduction to a selection of recently discussed topics in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, concentrating mostly on formal structures and on general principles. Part I contains an overview of the formalism of lattice gases that we use to explain various symmetries and inequalities generally valid for nonequilibrium systems, including the fluctuation symmetry, Jarzynski equality, and the direction of currents. In Part II we concentrate on the macroscopic state and how entropy provides a bridge between microscopic dynamics and macroscopic irreversibility; included is a construction of quantum macroscopic states and a result on the equivalence of ensembles. Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, K. U. Leuven, Belgium. email: [email protected] Institute of Physics AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic. email: [email protected] 3On leave from Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Kazbegi ave. 2a, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia.
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تاریخ انتشار 2007